Monaco is the world’s second smallest country, preceded by only the Vatican. Ruled by the infamous Grimaldi family, it is a picturesque coastal nation, attracting many visitors to its shores throughout the year. As a harbor city, Monaco has had a colorful past, but has settled as a quiet haven for the rich and famous, who enjoy the principality’s tax-free status.
History
The sheltered harbor of Monaco was initially inhabited by the Greeks in 6 BC, who named it Monoikos. Legend has it that Hercules passed through Monaco and a temple was built to honor him, the Temple of Monoikos. Historically, Monaco was part of France, but in 1215, it became a colony of Genoa through a land grant from Emperor Henry VI. The Grimaldi family settled in Monaco in 1297 and ancestors of the family have controlled the principality for over 715 years now.
In 1419, the Grimaldi family acquired Monaco from the French ruling family of Aragon. Monaco has since been under Spanish, Italian and Sardinian protection. In 1793, French revolutionary troops captured Monaco, keeping it until 1814, when the Grimaldi family returned to power. Today, Monaco is governed by a constitutional monarchy, but is a protectorate of France.
In 1949, Prince Rainier III ascended to the throne of Monaco and married the beautiful American actress, Grace Kelly in 1956. Prince Rainier III played an important role in bringing economic prosperity to the area and his wife played a large part out in promoting the arts and bringing glamour to the small nation. Together, they had three children, Caroline, Albert and Stephanie. The youngest, Princess Stephanie was a tabloid staple for much of the 1980s, being a singer, fashion model and party girl.
Prince Rainier III is credited with reforming Monaco’s constitution, building up the economy and reducing its reliance on gambling from 9 percent of revenue to three percent today. Grace Kelly’s sudden death in a car accident in 1982 was a shock that reverberated throughout the whole world. Prince Rainier III continued to rule Monaco after her death and was a well-respected monarch. He perished in 2005, leaving his son, Prince Albert II, to secede to the throne.
Monaco’s economy has grown from tourism, gambling and banking. The principality’s tax-free status and no income tax has attracted many rich residents. The banking industry and money management, generates 16 percent of revenues and plays an important part in the economy. Monaco is famous for its casinos and visitors flock from around the world to play at the elegant establishments. Tourism generates about 25 percent of revenues and Monaco prides itself on its hospitability and excellent cuisine. The wonderful Mediterranean climate attracts visitors from all over the world to enjoy the beautiful coast.
Culture
Monaco’s culture has strong influences from its neighbors, France, Italy and Spain. With the native Monegasque population making up only about 21 percent of the population, the French actually make up the largest group at 28 percent. This means that French influence is huge. The constitution allows for religious freedom, yet Monaco remains a religious nation. The Roman Catholic Church makes up the largest proportion, with 78 percent of the population subscribing to their beliefs.
The ruling Grimaldi family has played an important role in promoting culture and the arts in Monaco. Visitors will find an amazing array of world-class galleries and music performances throughout the year, many supported by the royals themselves. The family has set-up many foundations and charities to promote various causes, which include the Princess Grace Foundation (which also supports Princess Grace Dance Academy), the Prince Pierre Foundation (promoting culture and arts) and Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation (protecting the environment).
Monaco
Original French Words
Principauté Monaco ma patrie,
Oh! Combien Dieu est prodigue pour toi.
Ciel toujours pur, rives toujours fleuries,
Ton Souverain est plus aimé qu’un Roi.
(repeat)
Fiers Compagnon de la Garde Civique,
Respectons tous la voix du Commandant.
Suivons toujours notre bannière antique.
Le tambour bat, marchons tous en Avant.
(repeat)
Oui, Monaco connut toujours des braves,
Nous sommes tous leurs dignes descendants.
En aucun temps nous ne fûmes esclaves.
Et loin de nous, régnèrent les tyrans.
(repeat)
Que le nom d’un Prince plein de clémence
Soit repété par mille et mille chants.
Nous mourons tous pour sa propre défense,
Mais après nous, combattrons nos enfants.
(repeat)
English:
Principality of Monaco, my country,
Oh! how God is lavish with you.
An ever-clear sky, ever-blossoming shores,
Your Sovereign is better liked than a King.
(repeat)
Proud Fellows of the Civic Guard,
Let us all listen to the Commander’s voice.
Let us always follow our ancient flag.
Drums are beating, let us all march forward.
(repeat)
Yes, Monaco always had brave men.
We all are their worthy descendants.
We never were slaves,
And far from us ruled the tyrants.
(repeat)
Let the name of a Prince full of clemency
Be repeated in thousands and thousands of songs.
We shall all die in his defence,
But after us, our children will fight.
For a small city state, there are a surprising number of internationally renowned Monaco holidays and events. Partially attracted by the prestige and money in the principality, artists and athletes from all over the world come to Monaco for festivals and fun in the sun. Grace Kelly, the former Princess of Monaco, was a famous American actress prior to marrying Prince Rainier, and she put a lot of effort into developing the fine arts scene and inspiring Hollywood intrigue.
International Circus Festival
Started in 1974 by Prince Rainier, he personally loved circuses and wanted to create a venue where everyone could enjoy a world class show. Since then, circus acts from all over the world come to Monaco in January to perform. Judged on technical difficulty and creativity, the best performances receive the Gold and Silver Clown Awards.
Rose Ball
One of the most elegant and coveted fundraising events of the year is the Rose Ball, held annually in March. Started in 1954 by Grace Kelly, all proceeds goes to the Princess Grace Foundation. Each year the ball has a different theme and is known for the thousands of roses that are used to decorate the Salle des Etoiles venue.
Spring Arts Festival
Monaco’s annual Spring Arts Festival in April attracts artists from all around world. The festival showcases music, dance, arts, and theatre performances held in world-class venues throughout the principality. This is a popular event so tickets need to be purchased well in advance.
Formula 1 Monaco Grand Prix
Racing enthusiasts should not miss the opportunity to see Formula 1 cars whizzing through the streets of Monaco. The Monaco Grand Prix, taking place in May each year, is one of the few street racing circuits on the Formula 1 calendar and not much has changed since it’s inception in 1955.
Concerts at the Prince’s Palace
Outdoor concerts take place at the palace throughout the summer which were started by Prince Rainier III. Open to the public, visitors are encouraged to purchase tickets in advance to avoid disappointment. The venue is simply breathtaking and the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra usually has a beautiful line-up of shows. Concerts begin at 9:30 p.m. and visitors are expected to be seated on time.
Monte-Carlo International Fireworks Festival
Considered one of the best fireworks festivals in the world, this late summer event has been taking place since 1966. Scheduled in July or August, the fireworks are shot from Fort Antoine over the water by pyrotechnics from all over the world competing to put on the best show.
Monaco Yacht Show
Sailing enthusiasts should not miss the annual Monaco Yacht Show in September. Over 100 of the most beautiful and impressive yachts are on display at Port Hercules and 500 vendors come to showcase their wares, a sailing enthusiast’s dream.
Monaco International Marathon
Although this marathon is not on the major running curcuit, it is the only marathon in the world that traverses three countries: France, Italy and Monaco. Between 1,000 and 2,000 people participate in this marathon annually in November.
